Rotational sweepback of magnetic field lines in geometrical models of pulsar radio emission

We study the rotational distortions of the vacuum dipole magnetic field in the context of geometrical models of the radio emission from pulsars. We find that at low altitudes the rotation deflects the local direction of the magnetic field by at most an angle of the order of r n, where rn = r/Rlc, r is the radial distance of the radio emission and Rlc is the light cylinder radius. To the lowest (ie. second) order in rn, this distortion is symmetrical with respect to the plane containing the dipole axis and the rotation axis ((~ Ω, ~μ) plane). The lowest order distortion which is asymmetrical with respect to the (~ Ω, ~μ) plane is third order in rn. These results confirm the common assumption that the rotational sweepback has negligible effect on the position angle (PA) curve. We show, however, that the influence of the sweepback on the outer boundary of the open field line region (open volume) is a much larger effect, of the order of r 1/2 n . The open volume is shifted backwards with respect to the rotation direction by an angle δov ∼ 0.2 sinαr 1/2 n where α is the dipole inclination with respect to the rotation axis. The associated phase shift of the pulse profile ∆φov ∼ 0.2r 1/2 n can easily exceed the shift due to combined effects of aberration and propagation time delays (≈ 2rn). This strongly affects the misalignment of the center of the PA curve and the center of the pulse profile, thereby modifying the delay-radius relation. Contrary to intuition, the effect of sweepback dominates over other effects when emission occurs at low altitudes. For rn . 3 · 10 −3 the shift becomes negative, ie. the center of the position angle curve precedes the profile center. With the sweepback effect included, the modified delay-radius relation predicts larger emission radii and is in much better agreement with the other methods of determining rn. Subject headings: pulsars: general — polarization — radiation mechanisms: nonthermal On leave from Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Toruń, Poland